S390 Alloy Powder: High-Performance Powder Metallurgy Steel for Extreme Applications

2025-02-17 15:21

S390 is a high-speed powder metallurgy (PM) steel known for its outstanding wear resistance, hardness, and thermal stability. Manufactured by Böhler, S390 is a tungsten-based steel designed for demanding cutting, machining, and industrial applications requiring superior performance.

Chemical Composition and Properties

Element	Composition (%)
Carbon (C)	1.60 - 1.75
Chromium (Cr)	4.50 - 5.00
Molybdenum (Mo)	1.50 - 2.00
Vanadium (V)	4.70 - 5.20
Tungsten (W)	9.50 - 10.50
Cobalt (Co)	7.50 - 8.50
Iron (Fe)	Balance

Key Features of S390 Steel

Extreme Wear Resistance – With high tungsten and vanadium carbide content, S390 excels in abrasive conditions.
High Hardness – Achieves up to 68 HRC after heat treatment, making it one of the hardest tool steels available.
Superior Edge Retention – Ideal for cutting and machining applications requiring long-lasting sharpness.
Thermal Stability – Retains mechanical properties at elevated temperatures, perfect for high-speed machining.
Improved Toughness – The PM manufacturing process enhances toughness compared to conventional high-speed steels.

Applications of S390 Alloy Powder

Industry	Applications
Cutting Tools	High-performance drills, reamers, saw blades, and end mills.
Aerospace	High-temperature resistant components for precision machining.
Automotive	High-wear parts such as cutting dies and punches.
Industrial Tooling	Cold and hot forming tools, wear-resistant parts.
Injection Molding	High-pressure molds for extended durability.

Advantages of S390 Over Other High-Speed Steels

Comparison	S390 PM Super Steel	Other High-Speed Steels (e.g., M4, S290)
Edge Retention	Superior	High but lower than S390
Wear Resistance	Extreme	Good (M4, S290)
Thermal Stability	Excellent	Moderate (M4)
Hardness	65 - 68 HRC	62 - 65 HRC
Toughness	High (for tungsten-based steel)	Moderate
Ease of Grinding	Difficult	Easier (M4)

FAQ: S390 Powder Metallurgy Steel

Question	Answer
Q1: What makes S390 superior to M4 steel?	S390 has higher hardness, wear resistance, and thermal stability than M4.
Q2: Is S390 suitable for extreme cutting applications?	Yes, it excels in high-speed machining and abrasive environments.
Q3: How does S390 perform in heat?	It maintains strength and edge retention at elevated temperatures.
Q4: Can S390 be used in 3D printing?	Yes, its powder metallurgy form makes it suitable for additive manufacturing.
Q5: What is the best heat treatment for S390?	Austenitization at 1180-1220°C, followed by tempering at 540-560°C.
Q6: Does S390 resist corrosion?	While not stainless, its chromium content provides moderate corrosion resistance.

Conclusion

S390 alloy powder is one of the highest-performing tool steels available, offering extreme wear resistance, superior edge retention, and excellent thermal stability. Whether for high-speed machining, cutting tools, or industrial applications, S390 provides unmatched durability and efficiency, making it a top choice for professionals seeking premium tool steel performance.